Unit 4.3 A Nation Divided (Civil War & Reconstruction)
Introduction
Student Projects:
- Civil War Research Project (Typed Paper with Citations, Creation of an artifact (Diorama), & Media Presentation.) * Civil War Institute Competition
🥅 Standard(s)/Objective(s)
>>Insert Core practice/Focus area/Conceptual clusters.<<
Explain how the Civil War started and key turning points/watershed events during the war the influenced its outcome.
Identify key leaders during this unit and evaluate how they impacted the development of the United States.
Explain how regional economies played a role in events leading to Civil War and the battle strategies of the opposing sides
Create a timeline of events (long term) that eventually lead our nation to civil war.
Explain the purpose of the three Civil War Amendments (13th, 14th, and 15th) to the US Constitution as well as connections issues of the day for modern time.
Evaluate the political, social, and economic effects of Reconstruction from multiple perspectives.
Describe the challenges and opportunities faced by newly freed African-Americans during reconstruction.
Analyze the impact of legislation such as the Reconstruction amendments and the Black Codes.
Analyze post-Civil War economic factors, industries, and agriculture of both North Carolina and the United States.
Evaluate the implications of the Plessey v Ferguson case on society in relation to the goals of Reconstruction.
Describe the role of Jim Crow laws on segregation and the conflict that resulted.
Standards
History
8.H.1.1 - Construct charts, graphs, and historical narratives to explain particular events or issues.
8.H.1.2 - Summarize the literal meaning of historical documents in order to establish context.
8.H.1.3 - Use primary and secondary sources to interpret various historical perspectives.
8.H.1.4 - Use historical inquiry to evaluate the validity of sources used to construct historical narratives (e.g. formulate historical questions, gather data from a variety of sources, evaluate and interpret data and support interpretations with historical evidence).
8.H.1.5 - Analyze the relationship between historical context and decision-making
8.H.2.1 - Explain the impact of economic, political, social, and military conflicts (e.g. war, slavery, states’ rights and citizenship and immigration policies) on the development of North Carolina and the United States.
8.H.2.2 - Summarize how leadership and citizen actions (e.g. the founding fathers, the Regulators, the Greensboro Four, and participants of the Wilmington Race Riots, 1898) influenced the outcome of key conflicts in North Carolina and the United States.
8.H.2.3 - Summarize the role of debate, compromise, and negotiation during significant periods in the history of North Carolina and the United States.
8.H.3.2 - Explain how changes brought about by technology and other innovations affected individuals and groups in North Carolina and the United States (e.g. advancements in transportation, communication networks and business practices).
8.H.3.3 Explain how individuals and groups have influenced economic, political and social change in North Carolina and the United States.
8.H.3.4 - Compare historical and contemporary issues to understand continuity and change in the development of North Carolina and the United States
Civics & Government
8.C&G.1.1 - Summarize democratic ideals expressed in local, state, and national government (e.g. limited government, popular sovereignty, separation of powers, republicanism, federalism and individual rights).
8.C&G.1.3 - Analyze differing viewpoints on the scope and power of state and national governments (e.g. Federalists and anti-Federalists, education, immigration and healthcare).
8.C&G.1.4 - Analyze access to democratic rights and freedoms among various groups in North Carolina and the United States (e.g. enslaved people, women, wage earners, landless farmers, American Indians, African Americans and other ethnic groups).
8.C&G.2.3 - Explain the impact of human and civil rights issues throughout North Carolina and United States history
Economics
8.E.1.1 - Explain how conflict, cooperation, and competition influenced periods of economic growth and decline (e.g. economic depressions and recessions)
Geography
8.G.1.1 - Explain how location and place have presented opportunities and challenges for the movement of people, goods, and ideas in North Carolina and the United States.
8.G.1.3 - Explain how human and environmental interaction affected quality of life and settlement patterns in North Carolina and the United States (e.g. environmental, disasters, infrastructure development, coastal restoration and alternative sources of energy)
Culture
8.C.1.1 - Explain how influences from Africa, Europe, and the Americas impacted North Carolina and the United States (e.g. Columbian Exchange, slavery and the decline of the American Indian populations).
8.C.1.2 - Summarize the origin of beliefs, practices, and traditions that represent various groups within North Carolina and the United States (e.g. Moravians, Scots-Irish, Highland Scots, Latinos, Hmong, Africans, and American Indians
Vocabulary
secession - The action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state. The withdrawal of eleven southern states from the Union in 1860, leading to the Civil War.
Union - A political unit consisting of a number of states or provinces with the same central government.
the US, especially from its founding by the original thirteen states in 1787–90 to the secession of the Confederate states in 1860–61. The northern states of the US that opposed the seceding Confederate states in the Civil War.
Confederate - A person or military representing the states that seceded from the Union.
Underground Railroad - A secretive route of safe houses and abolitionists that aided slaves to freedom.
Emancipation - The process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation. (Freeing the slaves: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation ~ Jan. 1, 1863 freed all slaves in areas still in rebellion)
Contraband - Term used for slaves that ran away from their masters and cross Union lines.
Anaconda Plan - Union plan that called for a naval blockade of the Confederate littoral, a thrust down the Mississippi, and the strangulation of the South by Union land and naval forces.
King Cotton Plan - A slogan that summarized the strategy used before the American Civil War by pro-secessionists in the southern states to claim the feasibility of secession and to prove there was no need to fear a war with the northern states.
Confederate States of America - The Name of the government created by the states that seceded from the Union (United States).
Reconstruction - The period (1865–77) that followed the American Civil War and during which attempts were made to redress the inequities of slavery and its political, social, and economic legacy and to solve the problems arising from the readmission to the Union of the 11 states that had seceded.
Freedman's Bureau - Created by Congress in 1865 to assist in the political and social reconstruction of post-war Southern states and to help formerly enslaved people make the transition from slavery to freedom and citizenship.
Ku Klux Klan - Organization founded in 1865, consisting of former Confederate soldiers & sympathizers predominantly in the South with the intent to suppress and victimize newly freed slaves.
13th Amendment - "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."
14th Amendment - "All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."
15th Amendment - "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
Carpetbaggers - a person from the northern states who went to the South after the Civil War to profit from the Reconstruction.
Scalawags - a white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit. The term was used derisively by white Southern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction legislation.
Jim Crow - A series of laws and restrictions passed to repress, and segregate newly freed African American. First started in the South then gradually passed in the North as Well.
Share cropping - is a type of farming in which families rent small plots of land from a landowner in return for a portion of their crop, to be given to the landowner at the end of each year. (An extension of slavery by another name)
Reparations - the making of amends for a wrong one has done, by paying money to or otherwise helping those who have been wronged. (Slaves would receive from former mater)